Tugas Softskill (Direct dan Indirect Speech)

DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH

Direct Speech adalah kalimat yang diucapkan secara langsung oleh pembicara dan jika ditulis kalimat tersebut akan diberi tanda kutip.

Sedangkan Indirect Speech adalah kalimat yang kita laporkan kepada orang lain secara tidak langsung dan tanpa diberi koma.

Direct Speech		Indirect Speech
Present simple Jenny said, "It's so hot."	›	Past simple Jenny said it was so hot.
Present continuous Joko said, "I'm playing game online."	›	Past continuous Joko said he was playing online.
Present perfect simple Tini said, "I've been in this town since 1999."	›	Past perfect simple Tini said she had been in this town since 1999.
Present perfect continuous Santi said, "I've been teaching Chemistry for  twenty years."	›	Past perfect continuous Santi said she had been teaching Chemistry for twenty years.
Past simple Mr. Jack said, "I taught online yesterday."	›	Past perfect Mr. Jack said he had taught online yesterday.
Past continuous Bella said, "I was coming the campus earlier."	›	Past perfect continuous Bella said she had been coming the campus earlier.
Past perfect The Referee said, "The match had already started when he arrived."	›	Past perfect NO CHANGE – The Referee said the match had already started when he arrived.
Past perfect continuous My Mom said, "I'd already been cooking for five minutes."	›	Past perfect continuous NO CHANGE – My Mom said she'd already been teaching for five minutes.

Perubahan keterangan waktu (adverb of time)
this (evening)	›	that (evening)
today	›	yesterday ...
these (days)	›	those (days)
now	›	then
(a week) ago	›	(a week) before
last weekend	›	the weekend before last / the previous weekend
here	›	there
next (week)	›	the following (week)
tomorrow	›	the next/following day

PERUBAHAN-PERUBAHAN KATA BANTU (AUXILIARIES)
Can      →        Could

Will      →        Would
May     →        Might
Might  →        Might

Shall    →      Should
Must    →        Would have to /had to

*etc

Direct and Indirect Speech ada 3 macam:

1.      Statement (Pernyataan)

Dalam Indirect Statement kita menggunakan kata that (bahwa) sebagai penghubung antara kalimat pengantar (introduce phrase) dan kata-kata yang dilaporkan (reported words).

2.      Command (Perintah)

Dalam kata perintah kita dapat menambahkan to untuk kalimat penghubung perintah yang positif. Dan not to untuk kalimat perintah yang negative.

3.      Question (Pertanyaan)

Bila pertanyaan langsung tidak menggunakan kata-kata tanya, dan hanya merupakan pertanyaan dalam bentuk “Yes & No Question”, maka kita menggunakan kata-kata if, whether (jika, apakah) sebagai penghubung antara kalimat pengantar dan pertanyaan yang dilaporkan.

Bila pertanyaan langsung (direct question) menggunakan kata-kata tanya seperti ; Where, When, Why, What, Who, How, dll, maka kata-kata tersebut digunakan sebagai penghubung dalam reported Speech. Pertanyaan yang dilaporkan berubaha menjadi bentuk positif.

Example Direct Speech to Indirect Speech:

1.      D : Tedjo said, “ My Mother is going to My GrandMother’s house now.”

I : Tedjo said that his mother was going to his grandmother’s house then.

2.      D : Nabilah said, “My rabbit died in the night.”

I : Nabilah said that her rabbit had died in the night.

3.      D: Wahyu said, “ I have passed the national examination.”

I : Wahyu said that he had passed the national examination.

4.      D : Donny said, “Chemistry is easy to learn.”

I : Donny said that chemistry was easy to learn.

5.      Yuri said to Darius, “I don’t believe you.”

Yuri said to Darius that she don’t believe Darius.

      

Example Indirect Speech to Direct Speech:

1.      I: Yanto said that he has seen The Raid Movies.

D: Yanto said, “I have seen The Raid Movies.”

2.      I: The Teacher asked Andreas not to smoke too much.

D: The Teacher asked Andreas, “Don’t smoke too much.”

3.      I: Jessica said that she hadn’t  gone to campus.

D: Jessica said, “I didn’t to go to campus.”

4.      I: She told me that she was playing music.

D: She told me, “I am playing music.”

5.      I: She said that her name was Stella

D: She said, “My name is Stella”.

Source : http://www.learnenglish.de/grammar/reportedspeech.html

            http://www.english-for-students.com/DirecttoIndirectSpeech.html